Overall mortality refers to the rate at which individuals in a population die over a certain period of time. It is a key indicator of the health and well-being of a population and is often used in public health research to assess the impact of various factors such as disease, lifestyle, and social determinants on the mortality rate. Overall mortality can be influenced by a range of demographic, environmental, and behavioral factors, and studying trends in overall mortality can provide insights into the effectiveness of public health interventions and healthcare systems.